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Elektrokoagulacijska tehnologija za obradu otpadnih voda
Elektrokoagulacija je primarna metoda obrade otpadnih voda, slična široko korištenoj tehnologiji kemijske koagulacije. Kemijska koagulacija je vrlo svestran proces koji uklanja većinu uobičajenih onečišćujućih tvari iz otpadnih voda. Proces se obično provodi u velikim bazenima. Pojam „koagulacija” odnosi se na sposobnost višestruko nabijenih metalnih iona da formiraju hidroksokomplekse koji privlače otopljene onečišćujuće tvari, adsorbirajući ih na površinu kompleksa na značajno sub-stohiometrijski način, nakon čega se dodaje flokulacijski polimer kako bi se formirali veći kompleksi.
U kemijskoj koagulaciji, koagulacija se postiže dodavanjem jake kisele i korozivne vodene otopine, npr. željeznog ili aluminijevog klorida, nakon čega slijedi neutralizacija pomoću natrijevog hidroksida. U elektrokoagulaciji, koagulacija se postiže provođenjem istosmjerne struje kroz žrtvenu elektrodu izrađenu od metala, koja se postupno otapa. Tijekom ovog procesa stvara se hidroksidni ion kao protu-ion, čime se eliminira potreba za neutralizacijom i ne dodaje se kloridni ion u otopinu, što je uobičajeno kod kemijske koagulacije. U elektrokemijskom procesu također nastaje vodikov plin.
Izbjegavanjem agresivnih kemikalija i smanjenjem nusproizvoda, tehnologija elektrokoagulacije usklađuje se s rastućom potražnjom za održivim metodama obrade otpadnih voda. To je idealno rješenje za industrije koje traže učinkovite, ekološki prihvatljive metode za ispunjavanje strogih ekoloških propisa uz istovremeno održavanje isplativosti.
The Principles of Coagulation
The main mechanism at work, regardless if EC or traditional flocculation with chemicals is used, is coagulation. It is without doubt one of the most important physio-chemical reactions used in water treatment. Simplified, the various pollutants in water, suchas ions (heavy metals) and colloids (organic andinorganic), are basically held in solution by repulsive electrical charges. The addition of ions with opposite charges destabilizes the colloids, allowing them to coagulate. Such coagulation occurs regardless of if the coagulation is achieved by means of adding achemical coagulant or by utilisation of EC technology.
Benefits of Electrocoagulation Compared to Chemical Coagulation
In traditional chemical coagulation, commonly used agents include aluminum sulfate, polyaluminum chloride, and ferric chloride—substances that have been staples in wastewater treatment for decades.
Electrocoagulation, however, operates through a fundamentally different mechanism. As previously mentioned, it generates coagulants in situ through the electrolytic oxidation of a suitable anode material. During this process, charged ionic species in the wastewater react with oppositely charged ions or with metallic hydroxide flocs that form directly in the effluent. The effectiveness of electrocoagulation is further enhanced by several concurrent side reactions—most notably, the production of microhydrogen bubbles on the cathodes. These tiny bubbles offer a large surface area for particles to adhere to, significantly boosting pollutant removal efficiency. Together, these reactions contribute to the distinct advantages of electrocoagulation, which can remove a wider range of contaminants than many conventional treatment methods.
Traditional chemical coagulation methods, where external chemicals are added to destabilize suspended particles and precipitate pollutants, have well-known limitations. One of the most significant drawbacks is the generation of large volumes of sludge with a high water content. This type of sludge is difficult to filter and dewater, making its treatment and disposal both challenging and costly—often forming one of the largest expenses in wastewater treatment operations, particularly when chemical coagulants are involved.
Additionally, chemical coagulation typically increases the total dissolved solids (TDS) content in the treated water, which can hinder water reuse and recycling in industrial applications.
Elektrokoagulacija: Prednosti u odnosu na kemijsku koagulaciju
Electrocoagulation offers numerous advantages over conventional chemical coagulation, including:
No need to handle hazardous chemical solutions or maintain large chemical storage tanks, improving safety and saving space.
Compact storage requirements for replacement electrodes or reactors, making it well-suited for remote locations and emergency response scenarios.
Production of dense, high-solids floc that is easier to dewater, reducing handling and disposal costs.
A higher yield of reusable, clean water without chloride contamination, facilitating on-site water recirculation.
Sludge generation is reduced by 5 to 10 times compared to chemical coagulation, leading to up to 50% lower operational costs.
These benefits position electrocoagulation as an efficient, cost-effective, and environmentally sustainable alternative for modern wastewater treatment systems.
The Benefits of AxoPur
je Mellifiqova inženjerska prilagodba elektrokoagulacijske tehnologije. AxoPur reaktor osigurava da sva otpadna voda stvarno prolazi kroz reaktor, gdje je izložena električnom polju i ujednačenom tretmanu. Dodatni mehanizmi pročišćavanja integrirani u AxoPur uključuju učinke električnog polja i stvaranje vodikovog plina tijekom elektrokemijske reakcije. Sveukupno, rezultat je izuzetno učinkovit višenamjenski tretman otpadnih voda – pročišćavanje u jednoj fazi.
Mnogi elektrokoagulacijski sustavi rade u serijama i zahtijevaju duža vremena obrade, što ograničava njihov kapacitet. Suprotno tome, reakcija u AxoPur reaktoru je trenutačna, a sustav je dizajniran za kontinuirani rad, iako je moguće i povremeno korištenje ako protok nije konstantan. Budući da je reakcija trenutačna, sustav zauzima malo prostora. Također, voda zadržava svoju temperaturu tijekom cijelog procesa.
AxoPur: Prednosti u odnosu na opću elektrokoagulaciju
AxoPur enhances wastewater treatment by ensuring all water passes through the reactor for higher purification efficiency. It removes a wider range of contaminants, including oil, fat, microbes, and PFAS, due to additional mechanisms. The process allows for quick and simple adjustments through current changes, and it retains water temperature, enabling heat recovery when purified water is recirculated.
AxoPur pretvara otpadnu vodu u čistu vodu pomoću elektrokoagulacijske tehnologije.